NAG Newsletter 1/88

Industrial-Academic Collaboration in Mathematics and Mathematical Software

S McKee

Department of Mathematics
University of Strathclyde
Glasgow
Unilever Research
Colworth House
Sharnbrook
Bedfordshire

Presented at the NAGUA 1987 meeting

1. The Inevitability of Industrial Mathematics

Just as the term 'Information Technology' has replaced 'Computer Science' so 'Industrial Mathematics' is replacing 'Applied Mathematics'. Although it is synonymous with Applied Mathematics, it has one essential difference: it is problem-driven rather than aera-led, that is, the industrial mathematician must be a generalist interested in problem solving within an industrial environment and prepared to use whatever mathematics is necessary to solve the problem at hand.

Applied mathematicians suffer from the word 'mathematics'. Mathematicians are perceived to be abstract and somewhat irrelevant individuals best kept at arm's length. To illustrate this point I wish to tell three stories.

The first concerns a mathematician, a medical man and a lawyer. They are asked whether they preferred a wife or a mistress. The lawyer quickly replied that he would prefer a wife: mistresses were too expensive and, besides, there is the possibility of alimony and on his salary this could be substantial. The doctor also responded quickly, preferring a mistress on the grounds that he was all for an active, healthy life.

The mathematician however, took some time to come to a conclusion. He then said he would like both, explaining that his wife would think he was with his mistress; his mistress would think he was with his wife; and he could be in his office doing mathematics.

The second story involved a mathematician and an engineer in a balloon. Something goes wrong and they have to make an emergency landing. The engineer turns to the mathematician and says, "Okay. so you're the mathematician; tell us where we are." The mathematician considers the surrounding ground and says, "We're in a field of green grass". "Typical", says the engineer, "your answer is perfectly correct, but completely useless."

The last story concerns a mathematician, an astronomer and a physicist, all from a foreign country travelling through the English countryside by train. They spot a single black sheep in a field and the astronomer exclaims, "Ah, a black sheep. Therefore (since I am an astronomer) all sheep must be black." "Not so", says the physicist; "We can only make the claim that at least one sheep in England is black." "Not correct", says the mathematician. "All we can say is that there exist at least one sheep which has one side which is black."

These trivial yarns make a serious point. The public perception of the mathematician is that they shun the opposite sex, are completely useless and overly finical. I believe that this is largely due to the dominance of pure mathematicians within mathematics departments over the last 30 years that has contributed to this perception. Indeed a letter appeared in The Times on the Monday before the start of the NAGUA meeting from Emeritus professor Lawden making a similar point in somewhat stronger terms. He said, referring to the pure mathematicians:
"They have transformed a former fascinating adventure in the realm of ideas into an arid logical structure within an impenetrable notation and terminology, whose capacity for quickening the pulse is on par with a dead goat."

Whether you agree with the sentiment or not, it is fairly indisputable that the word mathematics has a certain pejorative aura, and one which makes it difficult for the applied mathematician to be taken seriously by Industry. Indeed, Kathleen Holmay, writing in the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) News, states:
"Mathematics projects little or no image, leaving most people with a void of understanding or perception as to the connections that mathematics has to the real world at large and its vigour as a dynamic science."

The term 'Industrial Mathematics' is altogether more robust and it is to be hoped that this new breed of outwardly looking men and women can stimulate applied mathematics in its widest sense.

2. What This Article Deals With

This article deals with, as the title suggests, industrial-academic collaboration in mathematics and mathematical software. It is a verbal summary of a talk I gave to the NAG User Assiciation meeting on 9 September, 1987. I shall first say something briefly about the Company I work for, the products we produce and some of the mathematics associated with them. I shall then go on to mention de University Consortium for Industrial Numerical Analysis (UCINA [called AIMS nowadays: HdB]) of which I was Co-ordinator for 6 1/2 years and a few of the problems encountered during that time. Finally I shall conclude with our current academic-industrial activities at the University of Strathclyde. This article is deliberately superficial to appeal to a wide audience. Further details of UCINA problems may be found in Elliott and McKee. [HdB. This reference can be looked up via the search engine of the Central Library of the Delft University of Technology:
 Volledige presentatie            1482301

 Auteur(s): McKee, S. (red.) / Elliott, C.M. (red.)
 Titel:     INDUSTRIAL NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
 Uitgever:  Clarendon, Oxford, 1986
 
 ISBN/ISSN: 0-19-853190-7
 
 Onderwerp: *WI A03  TOEGEPASTE WISKUNDE>
 
 Bevat:     256 blz.
 
 
 Plaatsnr.: STMM  MK -AA.B.21
 Plaatsnr.: CBmg  21975144
Rest of article deleted ]